The Republic of Moldova, along with many other countries, is facing the challenge of an aging population. This poses a threat to healthcare, pensions, social protection, and poverty policies. In this article, we analyze how the aging process has evolved in the Republic of Moldova, including changes in population size and structure by age and gender. Our study aims to evaluate trends in population size and structure, particularly for pensioners, and develop a methodology for predicting the population size at retirement age in the long term. We used a systematic approach, including comparative analysis, graphical methods, and demographic patterns. The analysis of the numerical and descriptive results of population aging projections confirms the irreversible nature of the aging process. Additionally, we provide suggestions for updating policies to address new demographic realities and challenges created by an aging population. The article was elaborated within the framework the State Program Project (2020-2023) 20.80009.0807.21 “Migration, demographic changes and policies of stabilization the situation”.