The paper analysed the religious phenomenon in relation to fertility using the Generations and Gender Survey database resulting from data collection in 2021 in the Republic of Moldova. It examined, using statistical regression, the relationship between the variable capturing the number of biological children the respondent has and the level of religiosity expressed in the survey, while controlling for the effects of other relevant variables. The limited space available allowed for only opening analytical perspectives in this direction, advancing the premises of an analytical model that can be refined, with the promise of future development within a more laborious analysis, considering comparisons across multiple countries. The paper theoretically reviewed relevant literature, providing evidence regarding the relationship between religion and fertility, as well as a comprehensive explanatory framework for fertility. It is essential to integrate religion as a social phenomenon into a broader explanatory framework that highlights the social constellation determining fertility. The argument was made that there are conditioning factors, interaction effects, and mediations between religion, economic analysis of childbearing, educational attainment, domestic gender roles, the quality of relevant public childcare services, and anticipated family support. Together, these elements can describe the "fertility equation" resulting from the emergence of future generations. The identified results partially confirm the hypotheses put forward (within the invoked limits), showing that the level of religiosity of individuals matters in the decision to procreate and plays an essential role in the fertility phenomenon. From this perspective, public policies aimed at demographic regulation of the population cannot ignore the effect of the religious factor.