The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the problem of the quality of life occupies an important place in the documents that determine the medium and long-term prospects for the development of the Republic of Moldova. The adopted National Development Strategy „European Moldova-2030” sets strategic goals arising from the modern concept of quality of life. In this context, the problem of the quality of life of rural residents, whose number makes up more than half of the total population, and whose level and conditions of life are significantly inferior to the national average, is of particular importance. The purpose of the study is to assess the quality of life of the rural population and, on this basis, to identify the most acute problems in this area. The following research methods were used: analysis and synthesis, monographic, statistical, comparison, analogues, etc. The information base of the study is the data from the household budget survey conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics, as well as materials from domestic and international organizations. Results of the study - the assessment of the quality of life of the rural population of the Republic of Moldova was carried out according to the following parameters: disposable income, consumer spending, absolute poverty, demographic situation, food consumption, access to quality education, health status, living comfort, self-assessment of their standard of living. The most acute problems of the quality of life of the rural population of the Republic of Moldova have been identified. This paper was elaborated and financed within the Scientific Project for the period 2020-2023, registered in the State Register of Science and Innovation Projects of the Republic of Moldova with the code 20.80009.0807.29 State Program Project "Improving the mechanisms for applying innovative tools oriented towards the sustainable growth of the welfare of the population of the Republic of Moldova".