A high number of peptides produced by the cyanobacteria of different genera, their unique structure and a wide spectrum of biological activities, including anticancer effect, indicates a significant biotechnological potential of these organisms. Several different types of active peptides extracted from Lyngbya spp. and Nostoc ssp., were reported to possess promising anticancer effect by the disruption of microfilaments, inhibition of secretory pathways, and influencing other intracellular pathways. Extracts of marine cyanobacteria like Nostoc spongiaeforme and N. linckia, contained a polyketide called borophycin that showed the strong anticancerous effect against human colon carcinoma cell lines (LoVo). [1, 2]. Batsalova presented for the first-time evidence for saxitoxins and microcystins production by Nostoc microscopicum and highlights the toxicological importance of this cyanobacterial species. The cytotoxic activity against human cell lines HeLa established from cervical adenocarcinoma cells and A549 derived from lung carcinoma, of Nostoc microscopicum extracts, was reported [3]. Li comprehensively discuss the studies on the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory anti-carcinogenic and immune regulation properties of Nostoc commune Vaucher and Nostoc commune Vaucher-derived extracts. The available results demonstrate the potential of it to act as a functional food for the amelioration of human associated diseases [4]. Hamida was systematically investigating the anticancer activity and possible mechanism of novel silver nanoparticles (N-SNPs) synthesized by Nostoc Bahar M against the MCF-7 breast cancer cells, HCT-116 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, and HepG2 liver cancer cells. N-SNPs decreased the viability of MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG2 cells. Ultrastructural analysis, together with biochemical and molecular analyses, revealed that N-SNPs enhanced apoptosis via the induction of oxidative stress and/or through direct interactions with cellular structures in all tested cells. The cytotoxicity of Nostocmediated SNPs represents a new strategy for cancer treatment via targeting various cell death pathways [5]. Thus, the studies of revealing of new species or strains of cyanobacteria with anticancer effect, development of the methods of extraction and stabilization of valuable active substances is actual and need to be continued.