Honey bees are an important element of the ecological system. They account for 80-90% of pollinated entomophilous plants. Artificial insemination of queen bees is one of the first and most developed biotechnological methods in beekeeping, without which genetic studies of honey bees are impossible. Artificial insemination of queen bees with the sperm of specially selected drones is a reliable way to control the transfer of genetic information to offspring, which is necessary in breeding work. For artificial insemination of queen bees, high-quality sperm with high sperm concentration and motility is used. Indicators of motility and the number of live spermatozoa are not a sufficiently reliable criterion for assessing the quality of sperm, since they do not always correlate with the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. An important indicator is the absolute survival of spermatozoa, expressed in hours. Since the period of sperm migration from the oviducts to the seed receptacle after artificial insemination is 24-48 hours. In addition, the result of artificial insemination depends on the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa and their concentration in the seminal receptacle of inseminated queens. In general, the use of artificial insemination in the practice of beekeeping allows you to get the following number of significant advantages: no need to fly around queens; at the stage of insemination, it is sufficient to use micronuclei, the formation of which takes 8–10 times less bees; insemination is carried out regardless of the weather at the optimum time; loss of queens during overflights is excluded; a full guarantee of the reproduction of queens with a certain heredity is provided; it is possible to obtain hybrid bees of the 1st generation, characterized by increased productive qualities; the use of artificial insemination makes it possible to reduce to zero the probability of unsystematic cross-breeding of bees in apiaries, as well as to reduce the level of cross-breeding in all apiaries where it is used; it is possible to control the quality of drones and the amount of sperm injected into the genital tract of the uterus, which is especially important when varroatosis is widespread. The main value of artificially inseminated queens lies in the fact that they guarantee purebredness, lineage, and successful selection work. The use of artificial insemination will make it possible to create zoned breeds of bees and widely use promising options for industrial crossing.