Background: To assess the relationship of behavioral and morphological and functional status of the neurons of the brain and spinal cord of different lines of mice with the “cuprizone” model of demyelination. Material and methods: Adult mouse of lines C57Bl/6, 129/Sv and FVB daily for three weeks received “cuprizone” with food. The animals were evaluated for morphometric analysis determined the proportion of neurons with unmodified, and with moderate and severe structural changes (staining of histological specimens of toluidine blue) and behavioral reactions (open field test). Results: In morphological investigations we observed structurally modified neurons in the gray matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum and the spinal cord of all experimental groups of mice, but in mice line 129/Sv damaged of neurons more intensive. In laboratory mice of all lines of the oppressed behavioral activity and intensity which have clear features. Have a stronger psychological impact “cuprizone” to most behavioral responses in mice line 129/Sv. Conclusions: The severity of violations of behavioral and pathological changes of neurons in the CNS after taking “cuprizone” are harmonized and have clear differences. Experimental model with “cuprizone” can be used as a model the demyelination neurological degeneration and breaches of conduct.