The soils represent the most valuable natural resources of the Republic, subject to a massive anthropogenic impact, including in its northern part with a lower degree of land fragmentation and with a greater share of arable land. The alarming state of agricultural lands and soils is caused, to a large extent, by the superficial application of fines for non-compliance with the requirements for the use and protection of land and mineral resources. The main topics analysed in this study are: 1) the current methodology of offenses in this field; 2) the application, at regional and local (district) level, of fines for all categories of violations to land and mineral resources; 3) identification of gaps and elaboration of recommendations for adjusting the legal and institutional framework for prevention and reduction of impacts on agricultural land, soil and underground waters.