The study of the abundance and genetic diversity of the prokaryotes of the typical chernozem, using the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) molecular method of sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, was carried out for the first time in Moldova. According to the nucleotide analysis, it was found that the group of studied microorganisms is characterized by a high genetic heterogeneity, the spectrum of which is made up of 15 phyla. Most of them (14) belonged to the Bacteria domain: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutres, Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteria phylum NA, Acidobacteriota, Planctomycetota, Myxococcota, Nitrospirota, Gemmatimonadota, Patescibacteria, Fibrobacterota, Chloroflexi. Thaumarchaeota – belonged to the domain Archaea. Analysis of phyls by individual „significance” of frequency of occurrence revealed that the same composition of prokaryotes obscures their hierarchically distinctive role in the community. The overall Channon diversity index, ranging from 1.729 to 1.800, characterized the studied microbial communities as having relatively low diversity.