It is unanimously acknowledged that the volume and quality of high school graduates determine the development and quality assurance of the Higher Education System, the labour market and implicitly the whole society. The analysis of the main trends concerning the evolution of high school graduates in Romania and the Republic of Moldova is carried out according to the basic indicators that are part of the National System of Indicators for Education. This system is compatible with international indicator systems (European Statistical System, built by EUROSTAT, the system of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD, the system of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics - UIS). In order to accurately characterize statistically the evolution of high school graduates, a set of basic indicators has been structured and developed in a logical sequence to analyze the main characteristics of the High School Education System. It is characterised by the following dimensions: 1) Participation in education; 2)Human resources and workload; 3) System outcomes and 4) School performance. Within each dimension a series of statistical indicators for analysing school results and performance of the secondary school system.