Taken together, political culture is a notion that reflects a very broad, multidimensional phenomenon. Taken together, political culture is a notion that reflects a very broad, multidimensional phenomenon. This notion helps us to understand and appreciate real political spaces. Political culture can “narrow or widen the realm of its real existence.” And the existing political system is based on that kind of political culture that prevails under the given conditions. The experience of the industrial states shows that in the projects of modernization of the society their governing circles necessarily take into account the degree of ideologization of the conscience, the way in which social equity and other value orientations were understood. The modernization of these states was based, both on the achievements of world social thought and on the traditions of their own culture, on the cultural heritage, taking into account the particularities of the nation’s mentality. It is important to cultivate a rationalist thinking necessary for the process of modernization of our society, it is important, we believe, to propagate more intensely the ideas related to rational, moderate economic behavior. Compulsory general economic training of the masses is needed, in the realization of which an important role belongs to such social institutions as trade unions, entrepreneurs’ associations, the media.