During recent years biotechnological methods and, particularly, techniques in vitro have acquired more and more significance in different fields of life. The aim of this study was to elaborate the in vitro technologies for different species of plants and analyze their use in cultivation of flower, horticulture and pharmaceutics. The results obtained in our investigations showed a significant effect of medium composition, the nature and physiological state of initial explants. On the basis of conducted research the optimal chemical and physical conditions of cultivation in vitro have been worked out. The possibility of the elaborated techniques application to producing new source vegetal material, preservation and micropropagation of valuable elite plants, obtaining virus free plants, producing biologically active substances in callus cultures of medicinal plants have been shown. These results may be used in various biotechnological programs in floriculture, horticulture and pharmaceutics.