Th e purpose of the article is to elucidate the evolution of the fi ve-string guitar in Spain during the Baroque period. It acquires a multidimensional character: interpretation techniques are developed, the repertoire is enriched, there is a plethora of talented performers and composers who promote new trends in the Spanish guitar practice. Th e author studies three major innovations of the time that led to the essential change of the guitar practice: the replacement of the polyphonic style with the homophone-harmonic one; introduction of a new notation system – Alfabeto; the formation of the Spanish composers’ school. Treatises written by J.C. Amat, G. Sans, L. R. de Ribayaz, S. de Murcia are analyzed as well as the time repertoire composed by famous performers and composers. Th e most important features of the Spanish baroque guitar style are revealed in the conclusions: favorite genres, typical guitar texture, etc.