In this article, the author tried to develop a methodology for evaluating and determining the size of economic losses due to the disability of the adult population in the Republic of Moldova. The scientific novelty consists of developing economic methods to estimate the economic losses from the disability of the population. The methodology is based on the concept of human capital, which considers the high level of public health as one of the country's most important conditions for economic and social development. The economic evaluation of the losses from the disability of the country's population is an essential component in making decisions in the field of health and investment policy in the social sphere as an economic justification for the development of social programs. At the same time, an assessment of the profile of people with disabilities and their social protection in the Republic of Moldova was conducted.