Aim: Identify, collect and document the native medicinal plants and their traditional uses by local communities in Republic of Moldova for reconsideration of their pharmacological action and nutritive value. Methodology: Using ethnobotanical methods, the study was carried out in eleven rural settlements from three southern districts (Cimișlia, Comrat and Cahul). Ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information were accumulated via informed questionnaires and open interviews with local people (44 informants, between the ages of 43 and 85 years). Results: The diversity of plant species in the flora of Republic of Moldova is rich and varied, but traditional uses of plants have not yet been systematically recorded [1, 2]. In this study, a total of 96 medicinal species of 31 botanical families, traditionally used for consumption and for treating various illnesses were documented. The most utilized species belonged to Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Fabaceae. Good numbers of species were mentioned by respondents as plants commonly used in the past (ex. during famine, after the 2nd World War) but not anymore. Different part plants are used, aerial parts (34.2%) and leaves (22.5%) being the most frequent. Medicinal uses of the species refer to 13 categories; skin problems (37.2%), respiratory infections (28.5%) and gastrointestinal disorders (18.4%) were reported as frequently treated with herbal remedies. There is to be mentioned that the species Thymus marschallianus, Tanacetum corymbosum, Teucrium sp. would be interesting targets for further investigations and drug finding. Conclusions: The study reveals that people from investigated area continue to use the knowledge of wild medicinal plants in their day-to-day life and encourages further ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies in rural areas throughout the country.