International studies of early maturity are today at an advanced stage of research and practical application, in the form of applied methodological programs and strategies, educational and cultural policy approaches. Psycho-pedagogical care for gifted children requires a number of conceptual clarifications such as the identification of overadotation, the typical reactions of parents and teachers to the atypical responses of highly gifted children, personalized and differentiated educational pathways, the special training of teachers for the educational and extra-school activation of highly gifted students. An equally important chapter is that of the critical aspects of the emotional development of highly gifted children. The conceptual boundaries in this area are not exactly easy. There are distinctions between the concepts of talent, precociousness, overdose and geniality, each highlighting specific features. Thus, the success of an educational program depends to a large extent on the activities of teachers. Teachers without special training in the training of highly gifted students sometimes show disinterested and even hostile toward suchstudents. Instead, teachers who have been specially trained and experienced with highly gifted students tend to be enthusiastic and show interest in working with them (Feldhusen and Hansen, 1988). The countries that stand out through various research and analyze the different aspects of the education of highly gifted students are also those that have been most concerned with the training of specialists in various fields.