In 2019 were continued excavations the single-layer site Chapayevka in the Azov Sea region. Chapaevka is of particular interest for the study of cultural changes in the early Neolithic of the Northern Pontic region, since the materials found there reflect the initial stages of the appearance of comb ornamented pottery in the region and a unique flint complex that hasn’t analogies among the local population. Also, the fact of the „single-layer” character of this site is very important, which apriority makes this complex a kind of reference for further research and excludes any possibility of cultural impurities from other periods. The uniqueness of the materials allowed us to assume the presence of migration movements at the beginning of the 6th mill. BC. Newcomer population who left the Chapaevka type sites and later, as a result of diffusion with the local residents, the Azov-Dnieper culture in its classical form was formed. 6200 calBC associated with the strongest aridization, which recorded for the entire territory of Europe. Due to aridization, the population of the Surska culture, which occupied Azov Sea region previous, fled back north (first of all to the Dnieper Rapids region). It is recorded by the absence of Surska culture sites in the Azov Sea region and their sharp increase in the northern part of the steppe zone. As a result, a relatively empty territory was formed, which became attractive for migrants during the period of improving conditions. Palynological and geological studies of samples from Chapaevka confirmed that the period of it existence coincides with the phase of climate improvement after aridization. The report focuses on the causes, preconditions and penetration ways of innovations in the region.