Smoking has been identified as a risk factor in the installation and development of chronic pancreatitis (CP), with increasing prevalence in some countries. Materials and methods. Study included 100 patients with CP (research group) and 100 actually healthy peoplecontrol group (CG). Patients were assigned to 3 sub-classes based on clinical variants of CP: CP with relapses (CPR)-41, pseudotumoral CP (PsTCP) -21 and latent form of CP (LCP) - 38 patients. Male/female ratio in CG-56/44; in patients with CP-55/45, χ2 = 0,02, p> 0,05; in PsTCP -85,71/14,29, in CPR-41,46/58,54, in LCP-52,63/47,37, p<0,01. Patient average age – 47,02 ± 0,93 (19-59 years) vs CG-23,23±0.49 years (19-39 years). The smoker‘s indices, SI, (packets/ year) were calculated=number of cigarettes smoked/day x smoker‘s age (years): 20. The CP diagnosis was confirmed by clinical-paraclinical investigations, according to the national clinical protocol. The qualitative parameters were presented by contingency tables, and for the testing of the statistical dependence between them, the Pearson χ2 criterion was used; the quantitative parameters-represented by the mean value and the standard error value, for estimating the statistical differences between the averages of the two groups the t-Student criterion was used. Testing equality of three and more environments was performed using the dispersion analysis and the ANOVA procedure. Results. The presence of smoking was attested in 8% of CG, men, and 45% in CP, 43 males (78,18%) and 2 (4,44) women: 37% currently smokers and 8% ex-smokers, no longer smokes in an average of 8,29 ± 2,88 years, χ2=35,14, p<0,001. The smoking was mainly confirmed in patients with PsTCP-90,48%: 80,95% of currently smokers and 9,52% of ex-smokers vs 34,21% in LCP: 21,25% of currently smokers and 13,16 % ex-smokers and in 31,71% patients with CPR: 12 (29,27%) currently smokers and 1 (2,44%) ex-smoker, χ2=22,26, p<0,001. The duration of smoking was significantly higher in patients with CP-23,23±1,27 years vs 1,75 ± 0,25 years in CG, p <0,001, mainly in the group with PsTCP-26,16±1,48 years vs 21,38±2,47 years in LCP and 21,15±2,82 years in CPR, p> 0,05. The number of cigarettes smoked/day in CP patients was found to be significantly higher –19,62±0,70 vs 2,25±0,16 in CG, p<0,001: in CPR-20,38±0,38, in PsTCP-19,79±1,51, in LCP-18,62±0,94, p>0,05. The SI prevailed in patients with CP vs CG: 23,13 ±1,63 vs 0,20±0,04, p<0,001, predominantly in PsTCP-26,21±2,73 vs CPR-21,54±2,83 and LCP-20,23±2,65, p>0,05. A longer duration and a higher SI were confirmed in the PsTCP group, which manifested itself in a more severe evolution and multiple complications. The relative estimated risk of cigarette smoking was high (OR=9,41), 95% CI (3,9123,45), p<0,001. Conclusions. 1. Smoking has been shown to be a frequently occurring risk factor in CP patients (45%), predominantly in males, and in PsTCP (90,48%). 2. The strategy to prevent CP and slow down progression of the disease, along with avoiding excess alcohol consumption and adopting a healthy lifestyle, needs to include and avoid smoking.