In this article, I set out to set out the importance and relevant characteristics of income tax, such as who are the taxpayers, what are the tax rates for the categories of taxable income that are subject to taxation. Also, estimating the close connection and the influence of economic agents in the formation of national income, we approached the perspective of importance, the role of collecting taxes and duties in a state, their advantages and disadvantages, both for the state and for taxpayers. The more contemporary society tends to develop and modernize, the more we should be focused on finding new, more perfect, more convenient methods of harmonizing and balancing income and expenditure. Analyzing the microeconomic indicators, we can see the amount of income from income tax and other taxes, which has a fairly high value. Referring to this fact, it is necessary to analyze and coordinate the fiscal instruments for the use of the obtained incomes but also their balanced collection.