Theory of Raman atomic-molecular conversion in a Bose-Einstein condensate
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KHADZHI, Peter, ZINGAN, A., JUCOV, Evgheni, STAMOV, L., EGOROVA, E.. Theory of Raman atomic-molecular conversion in a Bose-Einstein condensate. In: Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics, 13-17 septembrie 2010, Chișinău. Chișinău, Republica Moldova: Institutul de Fizică Aplicată, 2010, Editia 5, p. 38.
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Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics
Editia 5, 2010
Conferința "Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics"
Chișinău, Moldova, 13-17 septembrie 2010

Theory of Raman atomic-molecular conversion in a Bose-Einstein condensate


Pag. 38-38

Khadzhi Peter12, Zingan A.12, Jucov Evgheni12, Stamov L.12, Egorova E.2
 
1 Institute of Applied Physics,
2 Tiraspol State University
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 12 aprilie 2021


Rezumat

The Raman process of binding of two different atoms into a heteromolecule is investigated as a single step process. We have shown that the densities of initial atoms, molecules and photons considerably affect the process rates, and we observe that reactions may be either periodic or aperiodic in time. In addition, a significant role of the phase difference of the initial reaction components is noted and the possibility of phase control of a chemical reaction is predicted. Macroscopic coherence of Bose condensates of atoms, molecules, and photons of both pulses predetermines quantum interference of all reaction components and, accordingly, the importance of phase relations. The presented results show that the time evolution of the density of atoms, molecules, and photons in the course of stimulated atomic-molecular Raman conversion is determined by the initial densities N0, n10 , n20 , f10 , and f20 of the particles and by the initial phase difference Q0. For ( ) ( ) Q0 = ± 2k +1 p / 2 k = 0,1,2,... , the density of molecules varies with time both aperiodically and periodically, while for ( ) Q0 ¹ ± 2k +1 p / 2 the processes of formation and dissociation of molecules can be only periodic. The incident pulses of coherent laser radiation are periodically enhanced or suppressed. By varying the initial phase difference for fixed values of the initial densities of particles we can perform phase control of induced Raman atomic-molecular conversion. The possibility of the existence of a special evolution mode is predicted, in which the system is at the rest in spite of the fact that the densities of all particles differ from zero since the processes of binding of atoms into molecules and of dissociation of molecules are balanced. This is due to the fact that the total energy of a nonlinear oscillator coincides with the minimum of its potential energy. At the initial instant the oscillator is at the bottom of the potential well and its initial velocity is zero; in this case oscillations or any other movements of the oscillator are ruled out. The results also show that Bose stimulation of chemical dynamics (binding of Bose-condensate atoms into molecules) is an extremely important circumstance. Collective oscillations of the densities of atoms and molecules indicate coherence of the system. In a Bose condensate the chemical conversion considered above is stimulated owing to macroscopic filling of not only the initial atomic system, but also of the final molecular state of a chemical reaction. This feature substantially differs from conventional chemical kinetics, in which the rate of a chemical reaction does not depend on the number of particles in the reaction product and tends to zero at low temperatures in accordance with the Arrhenius law. Raman atomic-molecular conversion in a thermodynamically equilibrium system of atoms at T ¹ 0 cannot lead to collective oscillations of this type since the phases of individual atomic-molecular processes are random. In this sense, the processes studied here belong to a new chemistry (ultracold coherent superchemistry), in which coherent stimulation of chemical reactions takes place. Stimulated quantum dynamics may replace conventional dynamics at ultralow temperatures, providing a new type of collective behavior of the system. The strong dependence of chemical kinetics on the phase difference indicates the possibility of stabilization of superchemical phase dynamics. In recent years, the problem of phase control of various nonlinear-optics processes has acquired special importance and urgency. Specific features of Bose-stimulated chemical dynamics might pave the way for new type of quantum-controlled chemical reactions.