The present paper is focused on the intricate relationship between nationalism and religion in Modern Romania and not only. The following main questions will be addressed: Can a causal connection between the development of nationalism and religion be established? Are there any similarities between nationalism and religion? Can nationalism be considered as a modern secular liturgy? What was the place of religion in the establishement of a modern, national or regional identity ? What were the peculiarities of this relationship in Central Eastern Europe and Romania respectivly ? How the power of national church was exercised in Romania during the modernization process? Are there any relevant connections between secular power and religion in modern Romania? Answering these questions one should be able to better clarify the relationship between nationalism and religion and their respective infl uences on the social fabric and politics during the modernization process. Conclusions on how succesive political regimes were infl uenced by this relationship, how majority –minorities relationships were affected or how political programes were promoted and implemented according to these factors can be easily formulated. The method favoured by the author in order to get a better glimpse on this topic is content analysis. It is clear, and not only in our case study, that the national state asks the church to support its policy and to give a national character to its activity.