Reabilitarea patrimoniului istoric al Chişinăului în perioada postbelică şi iniţierea construcţiei unei identităţi urbane de tip sovietic (anii ’40-’50 ai sec. XX)
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94(478-25):72"XX" (1)
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URSU, Valentina. Reabilitarea patrimoniului istoric al Chişinăului în perioada postbelică şi iniţierea construcţiei unei identităţi urbane de tip sovietic (anii ’40-’50 ai sec. XX). In: Identităţile Chişinăului, Ed. 1, 12-13 septembrie 2011, Chişinău. Chișinău, Republica Moldova: Casa Editorial-Poligrafică „Bons Offices”, 2011, Ediţia 1, pp. 89-94. ISBN 978-9975-51-308-1.
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Identităţile Chişinăului
Ediţia 1, 2011
Conferința "Identităţile Chişinăului"
1, Chişinău, Moldova, 12-13 septembrie 2011

Reabilitarea patrimoniului istoric al Chişinăului în perioada postbelică şi iniţierea construcţiei unei identităţi urbane de tip sovietic (anii ’40-’50 ai sec. XX)

CZU: 94(478-25):72"XX"

Pag. 89-94

Ursu Valentina
 
Universitatea Pedagogică de Stat „Ion Creangă“ din Chişinău
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 29 ianuarie 2021


Rezumat

Urban settlements were structured in the Moldavian SSR, like all the city in the USSR, and primarily in the Russian Federation, after a general plan. Developing the first general plan for restoring and rebuilding of Chisinau in the postwar period was headed by Academician A.V. Sciusev. The plan as a whole, provided a rhythmic and uniform composition. A. Sciusiev helped architect L. Ciuprin to build between 1947-1949, edifice of Chisinau Railway Station. Its architectural form come from popular architecture processes and architectonic elements of some Basarabian monuments at the end of 19th century – beginning of 20th. On the principal road of city there are some administrative buildings that have a specific architecture with beautiful fronts, presence of columns, carving in stone. It’s considerable in this way the Academy of Sciences of Moldova building. In that period were reconstructed buildings of Moldovan dramatic musical theater and Moldovan Philharmonic, also was reconstructed Negruzzi and Renasterii boulevard. Unfortunately, in the middle of 1950s has been a radical change in architectural policy of the USSR. In December 1954 at Moscow is convened a union conference of architects and builders which subject is to unjustified criticism architects tend to create beautiful and original buildings. A whole series of decisions of CC of the CPSU and USSR’s Council of Ministers follows about objectives, design mechanisms and construction. All these aimed formation of a new architecture “Sovietic”, which would be his characteristic such qualities as sober style and economic advantages. The attractiveness of blocks would be not obtained using decorative materials, but “by comparing organic architectural forms with functional predestination of buildings, of effective proportions, using materials and appropriate technology, and high quality work”. These tasks and activities are subordinated to all architects. It is done to build the complex transition of districts and certain sectors. The plan of Chisinau territory was strictly determined by its functional predestination, streets and markets were subject to planning urban transport development. Start building blocks and administrative buildings, using the building block. Moldovan architects are required to develop type projects. Colors, elements of style, decoration, etc. begin to be omitted. Thus, from the 1950s Chisinau is studded with buildings without expression, naturalness, beauty and artistic value. Multiple and perfidious mechanisms were used by the Soviet regime for citizens indoctrination. The fact is that the architects becoming more nets fell into communist ideology. Those who dare to stand against the policy then the anti-popular artistic tastefree construction, very low quality, were considered promoters of “bourgeois” ideology. But most architects and builders of Moldova, as in the other republics of the USSR, were firmly convinced that they are creators of a new society, “communist”, corresponding with ideals and aspirations of people.