Morphological particularities in the new Solanum Lycopersicum L. tomatoes obtained in vitro
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SIROMYATNIKOV, Iu. , COTENCO, Eugenia. Morphological particularities in the new Solanum Lycopersicum L. tomatoes obtained in vitro. In: Світові рослинні ресурси: стан та перспективи розвитку, 7 iunie 2019, Kiev. Kiev: ТОВ «Нілан-ЛТД», 2019, Ediția a V-a, pp. 11-13.
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Світові рослинні ресурси: стан та перспективи розвитку
Ediția a V-a, 2019
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Kiev, Ucraina, 7 iunie 2019

Morphological particularities in the new Solanum Lycopersicum L. tomatoes obtained in vitro

CZU: 635.64:576.535(478)

Pag. 11-13

Siromyatnikov Iu. , Cotenco Eugenia
 
Institutul de Genetica şi Fiziologie a Plantelor
 
Disponibil în IBN: 14 iunie 2020



Teza

In the agrarian sector, hybrids, lines, varieties, which had high uniformity,

distinctiveness and stability of fruit productivity and quality in different

environmental conditions, were of particular importance. The most important

trend in the strategy of plant breeding at the stage of adaptive intensi-

fication in agriculture was combining the resistance of the varieties to the

stress-producing abiotic factors of the environment with high levels of fruit

productivity and quality.

The determination of the genetic complex of quantitative characters, including

drought resistance, hindered the success of the breeding process,

the purpose of which was to create genotypes combining many valuable

characters. As a result of distance hybridization, interest for the breeder

also presents the spectrum of genetic variability, which increases the efficiency

of genotypes selection with high productivity and increased resistance

to environmental stressors. One of the main tasks of amelioration was

grandiose blending in the same variety of high productivity and resistance

to stress factors (drought).

Literature data demonstrated that the long-term impact of 30-35°C on tomatoes

during fruit forming resulted in plant sterility. The most sensitive phase of

developing tomatoes at high temperatures is from the beginning of flowering to

the fruit forming. Thus, the research goal consisted in obtaining the new tomato

genotypes with valuable characters, useful for the breeding process.

As a result, new lines with valuable economic characters were created,

producing high yields of fruits with lower vegetation periods compared to

the check variants. As a source of initial research material, 10 performance

lines of tomatoes were used (‘L.4’, ‘L.20’, ‘L.25’, ‘L.44’, ‘L.47’, ‘L.48’, ‘L.49’,

‘L.55’, ‘L.63’, ‘L.317’) created in the plant resistance genetics laboratory and

three varieties as a check (‘Peto-86, ‚Novinca Pridnestrovia’ and Elvira’).

The evaluation of the lines was carried out according to the most phenolphasic

valuable indices of the phases which determined the period of vegetation

(emergence – single blooming, blooming-blooming in the mass, singlerising-

fructification, baking-baking single breading-baking, morphological

characters fructum, fruit shape, pericarp and mesocarp thickness, pedicle

length and biochemical characters (fruit acidity, dry matter content, sugar

content and total harvest). It was necessary to emphasize that the selective

analysis of the most successful tomato lines showed that during the study

period, recombinant lines with various types of precocity (early, early and

late average) were revealed.

The results obtained showed that the early tomato lines (‚L.63’ and ‚L.317’)

exhibited a lower precocity period compared to the (11–7) days of the check

variety (‚Peto-86’). Investigations performed on early medium-grain tomato

lines (‚L.44’ and ‚L.47’) demonstrated the longevity of the reduced maturity

period (11 and 10) days compared to the check variant (‚Novinca Pridnestrovia’).

For the medium-term lines (‚L.4’, ‚L.20’, ‚L.25’), the precocity ratio was

lower than the control (‚Elvira’) with (12.4, 10.4, 7.0) days. Two lines (‚L.48’

and ‚L.49’) were at the check level.

Analyzing the preliminary results, it was concluded that the performance

of tomato obtained in vitro with various types of precocity showed a lower

fruit maturity period compared to the check varieties

Based on the experimental data obtained, it was apparent that in tomato

promising lines the plant’s height varied within the limits of the values

(45.1–77.4) cm, the blank forms (55.4–67.5) cm. The plants of the studied

lines were characterized by a high vigor, with higher level, which resulted

in a better adaptation of the fruit in the unfavorable conditions of the environment.

In most in vitro lines, the descendants of the populations were

genotypes of the native type, inclined towards the characters of the parent

plant, at the same time another set of genotypes was composed of paternal

descendants where most of the morphological characters predominated

from the plant and a source of genotypes that predominated intermediate

inheritance characters from both genitors.

This mode of heredity of the plant’s height occupied an intermediate position

and played the leading role both in plant evolution and in the amelioration

of a certain character, which was defined as an attribute of an individual

in a population by which it differed from other individuals in another population

or taxon, any morphological, physiological or biochemical particularity

of an individual or group of individuals that was determined by a gene or

group of genes in interaction with environmental conditions.

The preliminary analysis of the performance lines showed that during the

research period the lines (‚L.20’, ‚L.25’, ‚L.49’ and the control variety (‚Elvira’)

were highlighted with maximum values of the fruit mass, (123.4, 112.7,

110.3 and 125.0 grams respectively).The smallest values were accumulated

in the lines (‚L.317’, ‚L.63’, ‚L.48’, ‚L.4’) compared to check varieties (‚Peto-

86’ and ‚Novinca Pridnestrovia’). The shape of the fruit varied according to

the genotype from round to cylindrical. From the bibliographic data it was

known that the thickness of the pericarp was an important feature that depended

on the quality of the fruits. In this contest, the tomato lines had more

pronounced values (0.6–0.8mm) than the check (0.4–0.7mm).

According to the results of the mesocarp thickness, there was an increase

compared to the check variant (‚L.20’, ‚L.25’, ‚L.49’) compared to the check

variant (‚Peto-86’, ‚Novinca Pridnestrovia’ and ‚Elvira’). It was found that tomato

lines with thickness indices of pericarp greater than 6 mm and the

thickness of the 8 mm mesocarp were destined for the transport of the

fruits. An especially important role was for the character of the fruit pedicel.

The pedicel was without and with a geniculate joint where some fruits were

easily detached from it while other were detacheed more difficult.

Due to the data obtained on the biochemical quality of the fruit, it was

clear that the content of dry substances was largely dependent on the conditions

of the year. Under dry conditions, the dry matter content was high and

in the rainy weather dry matter wais low in fruit. However, in some lines the

level of dry matter was greater than that of the check varieties.

Concomitantly, the fruit sugar content in some lines showed an advantage

of 6.23–6.43 % compared to the check varieties of 5.23–5.63 %. Productivity

on promising lines was peaked at 49.5–58.7 t/ha. compared to 33.9–50.7 t/

ha. Analysis of in vitro tomato populations demonstrated that remote hybridization

was indeed a method incompatible with other methods in the

transformation of nature into heredity of crop plants.