The article describes the first Gagauz language textbooks for schools and educational-methodic works of the authors in the middle of the 20th century. National intelligentsia’s multifaceted public education activities resulted in pedagogically correct publication of school textbooks, which laid the foundation for the native language teaching methodology and formation of the Gagauz language terminology. The first published textbooks have also become to a certain extent an ethno-cultural achievement of the Gagauz intelligentsia, which has greatly influenced the formation of the Gagauz ethnic identity.