This research is devoted to the actual problem of the developmental and psychology – the self-consciousness genesis of child rent. These children are educated in different social conditions. In this research work are shown: dynamics of the self-consciousness at different developmental stages of a child, the situations, factors, contents, possibilities, mechanisms, the natural laws of development and the differences determined by the Social Situation of Development (SSD). In different social conditions the special content of the self-consciousness are being formEditura They are determined by the peculiarities, existing in 4 spheres: a child-an adult (communication, interaction, and activity), a child- an age mate (communication, interaction, and activity), a child- an object world (main activity), a child – an individual himself. The identification and the complex studying of the developmental peculiarities, architectonics of the forming system, and dynamics of self-consciousness development made possible to ground and work out the contents, progressive methods of the acceleration of the self-consciousness development process.