Ensuring growth rates and increasing economic competitiveness depends, to a large extent, on the flow of investment, including foreign investment. Along with financial benefits, foreign direct investment boosts local economic activity and intensifies competition. These statements is applied to all sectors of the economy, including the banking sector, which is meant to finance the real economy. The economic reforms that have developed in Moldova over the past years have highlighted the need and importance of the banking sector to the national economy. To enhance the ability of banks to meet the current needs of the economy, the National Bank, by improving the regulatory framework may affect their operation. Investments, including foreign ones are a necessary element in the development of domestic banks. Access to finance and, by extension, a well-functioning financial sector are of central importance for bank performance and economic growth. In this context, the role of foreign direct investment by banks is controversial because the economic channels through which foreign banks affect financial constraints and firm performance are not well understood, yet.