Proverbs vs phraseological units
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BĂNĂRUC, Maria. Proverbs vs phraseological units. In: Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti: : Ştiinţe umanistice, 25-26 aprilie 2018, Chişinău. Chişinău: Centrul Editorial-Poligrafic al USM, 2018, SU, pp. 38-40.
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Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti:
SU, 2018
Conferința "Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti: Ştiinţe umanistice, 25-27 aprilie 2018: "
Chişinău, Moldova, 25-26 aprilie 2018

Proverbs vs phraseological units


Pag. 38-40

Bănăruc Maria
 
Moldova State University
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 26 august 2019


Rezumat

A proverb is a short familiar epigrammatic saying expressing popular wisdom, a truth or a moral lesson in a concise and imaginative way. Proverbs have much in common with phraseological units, because their lexical components are also constant, their meaning is traditional and mostly figurative, and they are introduced into speech ready-made. That is why some scholars following V.V. Vinogradov think proverbs must be studied together with phraseological units. Others like J. Casares and N.N. Amosova think that unless they regularly form parts of other sentences it is erroneous to include them into the system of language, because they are independent units of communication. N.N. Amosova thinks that there is no more reason to consider them as part of phraseology than, for example, riddles and children's counts [1, p.179]. As we know phraseological units are the main and probably one of the most important part of the linguistic. Phraseological units and idioms, as they are popular among the linguistics and called by most western scholars, represent what can probably be described as the most attractive, picturesque, meaningful, colorful and expressive part of the language‟s vocabulary, E.g.: A dark horse (a person about whom no one knows anything definite). The consideration of the origin of phraseological units contributes to a better understanding of phraseological meaning. According to their origin all phraseological units may be divided into two big groups: native and borrowed. In linguistic, proverbs are different from those phraseological units which have been discussed above.It is important to distinguish proverbs and sayings from phraseological units. The first distinctive feature is the obvious structural dissimilarity. The definition of the phraseological units says: “Phraseological Units are a kind of ready-made blocks which fit into the structure of a sentence in order to form a certain syntactical function, more or less as words do” [2, p.23]. E.g.: To have a bee in one’s bonnet. Proverbs, if viewed in their structural aspect, are sentences and so cannot be used in the way in the way which phraseological units are used, e.g.: Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you [3]. Further on, if we consider proverbs and phraseological units under the semantic aspect we will notice that proverbs and sayings sum up the collective experience of a community. They moralize, give warning or give advice, e.g.: He laughs best who laughs last [3]. No phraseological units ever do any of these things. They do not stand for whole statement as proverbs and sayings do, but for a single concept only. Their function in speech is purely nominative, they denote an object or an act. The function of proverbs is speech though is communicative, they impact certain information. It may be added that sometimes there does not seem to exist any rigid or sharp borderline between proverbs and phraseological units as they latter rather frequently originate from the former. And even more, some of the proverbs are easily transformed into phraseological units. “Proverbs are the children of experience,” “Proverbs are the wisdom of the streets,” and “Proverbs are true words.” Proverbs obviously contain a lot of common sense, experience, wisdom, and truth, and as such they represent ready-made traditional strategies in oral speech acts and writings from high literature to the mass media [4, p.20]. Just like idioms, proverbs “are special, fixed, unchanged phrases which have special, fixed, unchanged meanings” [5, p.142]. They differ from idioms in that they expose shared cultural wisdom. Therefore, proverbs are easily understandable and, sometimes, the first part of the proverb might be enough to express the whole meaning. For example, “do not count your chickens” is used instead of “do not count your chickens before they have hatched” [3]. Even if proverbs may be considered as culture-specific because they are very bound to culture, many proverbs have equivalents in different languages. For example, the English expression “Out of sight, out of mind” has a similar proverb in Romanian “Ochii care nu se văd, se uită” [3]. Proverbs have characteristic properties that make them useful for everyday purposes. They are relatively short, poetic, typically concrete, and used as indirect comments. They have the power and wisdom of many people behind them, and they perform categorization and pragmatic functions. These properties strongly suggest that they can be used to facilitate memory, teach and persuade.