The borderline in the area of the Camenca and Rybnitsa Districts of Moldova and the Kodyma District of Odessa region is special because it is situated at the joining point of the steppe and forest-steppe zones, which was for a long time within the state borders of the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Poland, and later the Russian Empire, just when the formation of the ethnic composition of the population, mainly with the participation of Ukrainians and Moldovans, took place. Situationally, the Moldovan-Ukrainian borderland consists of both mono-ethnic settlements (Ukrainian or Moldovan) and those where Ukrainians and Moldovans lived together. It is the latter of the two groups of settlements that appeared on the left bank of the Dniester. Some of them were approximately proportional in terms of the number of Ukrainians and Moldovans; in others, the Ukrainians had a significant numerical advantage. The Orthodox faith, the similarity of household traditions contributed to a pretty high level of intensity of the communication processes, which were accompanied by the infiltration of language components, rites and customs, traditional cuisine and the like. Until the 1950s, the ethnic processes in the area should be considered as stable, without drastic and negative effects, primarily in the ethno-cultural complex of Moldovans as a numerically smaller group. However, since the second half of the 1950s, with the cessation of the educational process in the Moldovan language, Moldovan assimilation has become irreversible and in a short time, has resulted mostly in bi-ethnic settlements. Nevertheless, it is more likely, that the traditional culture components of the Moldovans have played an important role in shaping the Ukrainians’ culture in the Transnistrian zone. They are so expressive that even within the Kodyma district they provide the basis for the allocation of at least two complexes, those of the Transnistrian Ukrainian – Moldovan and Podolsk one in its southeast part.