The article considers the problem of the influence of cultural identity of the individual as a factor in the development of new forms of social inequalities in modern society. The author identifies three types of cultural identity – traditional, modern and communicative. From this point of view, each person perceives social values, norms and processes inherent in these cultures manner. Therefore, there are different horizons of social interaction, limiting the possibilities of individuals to engage in social interaction. To overcome the new inequalities it is necessary to form social institutions of social dialogue. Within these institutions need to develop the capacity of understanding of people with different cultural views. The author believes that it is a cultural study of the social situation and the development of social and cultural hermeneutics.