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728.81.033(478)(091) (4) |
Arhitectură (635) |
SM ISO690:2012 ŞLAPAC, Mariana. The bastioned fortress from Tiraspol. In: Arta , 2011, nr. 1(AV), pp. 25-31. ISSN 2345-1181. |
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Arta | ||||||
Numărul 1(AV) / 2011 / ISSN 2345-1181 /ISSNe 2537-6136 | ||||||
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CZU: 728.81.033(478)(091) | ||||||
Pag. 25-31 | ||||||
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Rezumat | ||||||
Following the Russo-Turkish war of 1781-1791 years, in the annexed territories situated between the Southern Bug and Dniester, it was envisaged the construction of the Dniester line of defense, including five bastioned: New Fortress or the Middle in Tiraspol city, Hacider (Ovidiopol) fortress, both of them being situated on the left side of the Dniester River, Hacibei (Odessa) fortress and two reinforcements to Ochakov. Well-known specialists with good knowledge of the epoch fortification art, including engineer-major François Sainte De Wollant, were invited to con-struct these military objectives. Construction of the fortresses in the new king's territories was entrusted to General-Field-Marshal Alexander Suvorov.
The first ―corner stone‖ of the Middle Fortress was laid on 22 June 1793 here, on the left bank, opposite the Bender fortress, in place of Moldovan Sucleea settlement, burned during the Russo-Turkish war. The author analyses a number of documents: two published plans from 1793 and 1827 years and two unpub-lished, from 1795 and 1796 years, from the personal collection of the architect Eugene Smolin. So, on the paper from 1795 year, signed by the engineer-lieutenant Andrew Von Der Planitz, represents the fortress of earth with 8 bastions, 2 demi-bastions, two access gates and a redan in the south-west corner of the defensive objective. It contains ele-ments of fortification proposed by the famous French engineer Francois Vauban. To the east of the fortress there is new urban quarters, rectangular in plan, with 6, 8 and 14 equal areas. The plan from 1796 contains important inforation regarding the constituent elements of the fortress. Here are the names of the bastions (Vladimir, Paul, Peter, George, Nicholas, Glory, the Trophy-Bearer), semi bastions (Alexander John), and the names of arms markets (Elena. Olga, Maria, Ekaterina, Alexandra) and so on. Legend shows 15 building interiors, including the garrison church, body guard, house master, commissariat, soldier's and officer's barracks, arsenal, stores, smithy, inn and others. Bastion city of Tiraspol ended its existence as a military objective in 1835. |
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Cuvinte-cheie fortress, defensive architecture, Tiraspol, bastioned fortress, François Sainte de Wollant |
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