In this paper was analyzed the concept of human capital in the context of implementing the principle of a sustainable development at global and national level. The basic purpose of the research theme is presented in the form of ensuring the need for the development of the labor force in an efficient form in the Republic of Moldova, taking into account the competitiveness and sustainability in this sphere of influence. The sustainable development of a country can be perpetuated and ensured only by increasing the quality of human capital, which is a prerequisite for achieving the basic goal over time, while being a primary factor strictly necessary for increasing its economic capacity. The research methodology includes a diverse set of methods such as: induction, deduction, comparative analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction. Thus, human capital is identified as an indispensable factor for the sustainable development, where its accumulation is defined as the main condition for progress and innovation, as means of reducing the economic deficit, as a precondition for a more optimal transformation of natural reserves into production capital.