The agriculture of the Republic of Moldova is particularly prone to natural risks, especially droughts. The purpose of this paper is to present the state of sustainable development of the agricultural sector and opportunities for implementation of the innovative land cultivation technologies. There are a number of socio-economic constraints for increasing the productivity in the traditional agricultural systems. In order to meet the growing competition on the regional markets of agricultural products, modernization of agriculture in the Republic of Moldova is very important. For investigation of the actual state of implementation of the conservative land cultivation technologies were used specific methods and techniques such as statistical and economic analysis of economic indicators, case study approach, semi-structured interviews of agricultural producers. The study is also based on the statistics received from the National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry of Moldova. Economic analysis confirms that implementation of the No Till technology will reduce essentially the direct production costs compared to traditional technology. However a more visible effect occurs starting with the 5-6 year of the conservative land cultivation technologies’ implementation.