The nature of cyber conflicts is far from fully explored and requires the development and use of a system of qualitative and quantitative assessments. The conditions of conflicts, as well as the processes of their initiation, should be formalised and represented in the form of a system of variables reflecting such indicators as power, value, interests, etc. In the presented paper, an approach based on utility theory is used: the initiator of a conflict counts on the expected economic utility and the expected political gain (interest) within a bilateral or multilateral conflict. This approach can be used in relation to a future conflict when the net advantage or costs of the attacking party are equal to the ratio of the sum of the benefits and harms to the victim relative to the sum of the costs and harms expected from the victim. Additionally, there is a discussion on the structure and content of a composite indicator that characterises the level of cyber awareness of the population, taking into account geographical distribution (rural, semi-rural and urban areas) as well as the number of cyber experts. Citizens play a crucial role in shaping the level of national cyber security and thus national security. Furthermore, the attention is also paid to the economic component, which includes cyberinfrastructure, technology and the development of and access to critical information infrastructure.