In this paper, based on archival and published sources, the author examines repercussions of the tsarist rule regime, established in Bessarabia after 1812, on the genesis and evolution of the commercial bourgeoisie. Highlighting these general features will allow to determine the degree of influence of the imperial trade policy on the process of arising of the national commercial bourgeoisie. The author notes that the tsarist rule regime established in Bessarabia after its annexation to Russia negatively influenced the situation in the province and the different social-economic and political processes, an influence dictated by the status of a colony that was held by this territory after 1812. Promoting a colonial policy in Bessarabia, protecting the affairs of their own or invited to the territory bourgeoisie, with advantages and privileges even, tsarism further increased the distance, large already, between the germ elements of the local commercial bourgeoisie and allogeneic, slowed the process of formation of national commercial bourgeoisie, by depriving it from the opportunity of exercising various economic functions, by replacing it, in large part, with the allogeneic merchants from among the new arrivals.