This study aims to analyze the structure, functions and particularities of economic diplomacy in the context of the European vector of the economy of the Republic of Moldova. Authors analyzes the conceptual determinants of economic diplomacy, structural and functional elements, and the main characteristics of the strategic directions fixed in the national and international documents, of the actions to be taken in order to achieve effective diplomatic negotiations. The life of contemporary society brings to the fore new types of activities whose agents are placed in special conditions, which highlight not only the personality traits, abilities and skills acquired along the way with the length of service, but also the attitudes related to the culture of a nation, a state of an international community. International Theory and practice characterize economic diplomacy as a multidimensional concept based on negotiation, communication, equal and peaceful treatment. These characteristics give economic diplomacy a complex and varied content and make it dependent on multiple and different factors that condition its success.