Th e article deals with issues related to the reception of Ukrainian refugees who arrived in the Republic of Moldova aft er the outbreak of hostilities on February 24, 2022. To provide all kinds of assistance to refugees, a lot of work is done by the country’s leadership, departments and institutions, local authorities, public organizations, as well as ordinary citizens and businessmen. Temporary residence centers for refugees have been set up throughout the country; established multifunctional teams consisting of psychologists, social workers and lawyers providing assistance to refugees; measures are also being taken to provide employment for refugees in our country; fi nancial resources are allocated to the refugees themselves and to the people who sheltered them; refugee children are placed in kindergartens and schools; various organizations provide information support; organized free accommodation and food for refugees, etc. We single out the main categories and waves of refugees. It is considered how this completely new phenomenon for the recent history of Moldova will aff ect the change in the number of local Ukrainians, their settlement, traditional culture, mentality and other ethnic indicators, under what conditions, and whether it will aff ect at all.