The present work comes to analyze the the previous doctrinal sources, the national judicial practice, the ECHR practice relevant to the subject under discussion. There is also talk about the practical problems of applying the legal norms and the small number of scientific studies carried out up to the current stage both in the country and abroad. The present study aims to come up with some proposals to amend the criminal legislation in order to ensure the proper conduct of justice in order to ensure the protection of natural resources through criminal law instruments. Because at the current stage we have on the one hand studies that show that the state of the environment is in continuous degradation and on the other hand the judicial practice in the field of crimes that infringes the protection of natural resources is at the level of the units. This is a complex research in which various comparative aspects were approached, including through the analysis of foreign legislation in the field of analyzed crimes.