National security is a basic component of the state’s existence. The last one has a complex character, being described in terms of various fields of activity of society and the state. Ensuring national security rests primarily with public authorities, although participation by civil society is not excluded. Among the means that could contribute to securing national security are also listed criminal law. Or, the quality of legal and criminal protection of values and social relations is the basic component of national security. The more social values are protected by the criminal law, the less likely the risks / threats of national security are realized. This concept is valid at least at the theoretical level Thus, in this article we will counter some definitions and notions in order to determine the likelihood and possibility of qualifying acts as concrete crimes, which in turn fall under the threats to national security according to the Concept of National Security, adopted by the Law of the Republic of Moldova no. 112 of 22.05.2008. The study will be carried out retrospectively by facts and changes at the legislative level.