The results of studies of the influence of the level of mineral nutrition on winter hardiness and the yield of barley of winter crops in the conditions of the northern steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is established that the winter hardiness and yield of this crop are largely determined by the nutrient regime of the soil, which depends not only on the precursors, but also on the mineral nutrition system, which implies the optimal use of fertilizers that in the agrophytocenosis condition and correct the adaptive and productive processes of plants. The best terms and rates of application of mineral fertilizers were determined for the cultivation of winter barley after peas and sunflower.