Dendritic cells (DC) and tumour cell fusion vaccine (DC/tumour cell fusion vaccine) is considered an effective approach in cancer biotherapy. However, its therapeutic effects in early clinical trials have been suboptimal partially due to the immunosuppressive tumour environment. In this study, we used nanoparticles of folate (FA)-modified chitosan, a non-viral vector capable of targeting tumour cells with high expression of FA receptors. FA-chitosan nanoparticles were used as biological carriers for the expression plasmid of the mouse interferon-induced protein-10 (mIP10) gene, a potent chemoattractant for cytotoxic T cells. The combination of FA-chitosan/mIP-10 and DC/tumour cell fusion vaccine against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effectively inhibited the growth of implanted HCC tumours and prolonged the survival of mice. The combination therapy significantly reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in mouse spleen, local tumour, and bone marrow while increasing tumour-specific IFN-γ responses. Furthermore, the combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation while promoting their apoptosis. Taken together, our data illustrate that the mIP-10 enhances the anti-tumour effect of DC/tumour cell fusion vaccine by alleviating the immunosuppressive tumour environment. In our future studies we aim to use the following thermal techniques: Thermal biosensor (calorimetric biosensor), which is a device using temperature sensitive element to measure the small temperature difference in biochemical reactions, the targets can be quantitatively based on the amount of heat produced by the biochemical reaction. The thermal biosensor is made up of two parts: one is a molecular recognition element for selective detection, and the other is a temperature conversion element that converts the heat produced during the reaction to the detectable signal. Photothermic therapy (PTT) is a therapeutic technique for killing tumour cells at high temperature by laser irradiation to produce heat energy. This technique also exhibits several other advantages such as simpler procedure, fewer complications, and short period in hospital. What’s more, it can kill cancer cells effectively without damage to healthy tissues.