The damage of pathogens various etiologies remains the main factor limiting high yields of legume crops. Phytosanitary situation at the central part of Russia has changed significantly in recent years, as results of diseases monitoring evidenced. In conditions of climate change, diseases from southern regions move to northern areas, and the harm of existing pathogens increases the risk of epiphytoties of new diseases. The aim of our study is phytosanitary control of diseases spread and evaluation the level of harmfulness of pathogens of various etiologies in cenosis of legume crops. The epiphytotytic nature of legume defeat with Ascomycetes of Fusarium genus has been observed in recent years. F. nivale and F. chlamidosporum are the most harmful for pea vegetable. F.solani, F.oxysporum v. oxysporum, F.sambucinum, F.sporotrichiella are more often encountered in the pathogenic complex of green bean and vegetable bean. The virulence of previously weakly pathogenic species F.oxysporum v. artroceras, F.semitectum, F.javanicum are intensified for all legume crops. The degree of damage susceptible samples reaches 60-80%, and 100% in the period of epiphytoty. Spreading of pathogens Ascochyta spp., Colletotrichum spp., Alternaria spp., Stemphillium spp., Pseudocercospora spp., Uromyces spp. on leguminous crops is 5-60% depends on conditions of the year. Strong spread of Botrytis cinerea and B. fabae is observed in years with heavy precipitations. The degree of diseases development can reach 70-100%. The harmfulness of the virus-pathogens has been increasing in recent years: crop losses reach 30-50%, and 90% at the epiphytotic years. Bean common mosaic potyvirus, Cucumber mosaic virus and Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus are widely spread on green beans; Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus is observed on plants of vegetable beans; Pea common mosaic potyvirus - on sweet pea plants. Pathogens of bacterial etiology cause brown spots and angular spots of beans. Xanthomonas phaseoli and Pseudomonas phaseolicola are the most harmful bacteria of legume crops. The degree of bacterial diseases spread was 29-80% depends on the year. The obtained information about the species composition of pathogenic complex, its structure and dynamics of variability, is important for choosing the strategy for legumes protection to obtain a guaranteed yield of high quality.