The present article proposes en integral evaluative version of polysemy, that is not limited by the concept of mentality and its opposition to the approach known as „the history of ideas” („scientistic history”). These subjects, being analyzed in the light of logic approach of the spiritual culture phenomena, its problems and goals: are presented only as one-sided so-lutions as well as critical approach „the history of ideas” is. In fact, the history of mentality (popular history) and the history of ideas (scientistic history) require a new synthetic approach that would cover both approaches, mentioned above, as the complementary parts of a whole.