Because of the ambiguity and complexity of symptoms, involved pathophysiological mechanisms and etiology, a clinical diagnosis of neurological disorders is a very difficult process. In lesions of the nervous system, complete neurological examination is imperative; it actually represents a continuation of the general physical examination. It is recommended to establish a standard procedure for the examination of the animal, in order to establish an accurate neuroanatomical diagnosis. The general objectives of the neurological examination are to identify the neurological injury and to determine its location. It is important to know that finding the location does not imply finding a certain type of lesion. The issue raised by us is one of great interest, taking into account two aspects, namely, the increasing number of dogs as pets and extremely diverse causes that can cause convulsions, causes that require a diagnostic and intervention as early as possible. The differential diagnosis of the idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy in dog is based on several criteria: age of occurrence, clinical symptoms, interictal period, supplemented by laboratory examination results.