Contributions to introduction of Santolina L. species in the Botanical Garden (I) of ASM
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SÎRBU, Tatiana. Contributions to introduction of Santolina L. species in the Botanical Garden (I) of ASM. In: Conservation of plant diversity, Ed. 4, 28-30 septembrie 2015, Chișinău. Chișinău: Gradina Botanica (Institut), 2015, Ediția 4, p. 101. ISBN 978-9975-3036-8-2.
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Dublin Core
Conservation of plant diversity
Ediția 4, 2015
Simpozionul "Conservation of plant diversity"
4, Chișinău, Moldova, 28-30 septembrie 2015

Contributions to introduction of Santolina L. species in the Botanical Garden (I) of ASM


Pag. 101-101

Sîrbu Tatiana
 
Botanical Garden (Institute) of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 15 mai 2019


Cuvinte-cheie
Santolina L, ex-situ cultivation, propagation, use


Teza

The genus Santolina L. comprises species of dwarf shrubs, shrubs or evergreen, perennial, aromatic plants that belong to Asteraceae family. They are native to Southern Europe and Northern Africa. They are widespread especially in regions with temperate and subtropical climate. Various researchers have conflicting views on the taxonomic composition of this genus, attesting the existence of 5 to 70 species [1, 2]. According to current sources, the genus Santolina includes about 20 accepted species [3, 4]. They are small shrubs growing about 60 cm tall, with many-branched, erect or repent stems. The leaves are glabrous or pubescent, alternate, small, pinnate, finely divided, toothed or smooth, petiolate. The inflorescences are small, solitary, long-pedunculate flower-heads. The flowers are tubular, numerous, bisexual, with yellow, white or cream-white petals. The fruit – a wingless, naked achene with 3-5 edges. Flowering period – from June to September. The plants of the Santolina genus are cultivated since the late sixteenth century. Only 4-6 species are used for decorative purposes. [2, 3]. Some species are included in the European Red Lists, because they are endangered (S. elegans Boiss. ex DC., S. oblongifolia Boiss., S. viscosa Lag.)[4].  In the collection of perennial plants and in the experimental field of the Floriculture Laboratory of BG (I) of the ASM, there are three species of this genus: S. chamaecyparissus L., S. virens Mill. S. insularis. (Gennari ex Fiori) Arrigoni. The last one was received through international exchange of seeds in 2012, as the subspecies S. chamaecyparissus ssp. insularis (Genn. ex Fiori) Yeo. and is at the initial stage of testing in order to be cultivated. All species withstand the local soil and climate conditions, survive the winter in open ground and remain decorative during the rest period. Due to these characteristics, Santolina species are often used as ornamental plants indoors and outdoors.  The initiation of the vegetative phase occurs at the end of March and in the first half of April. The budding phase of S. chamaecyparissus and S. virens takes place with a difference of 3-5 days from late May until early June. The flowering phases of these species nearly coincide. S. insularis blooms about 15 days later. The fruiting phase lasts about 40-60 days. The seeds obtained in the local soil and climate conditions have very low germination percentage. Therefore, vegetative propagation is the most effective method of producing seedlings.  Cutting, layering and division are the best methods of propagation of Santolina plants in the conditions of our country. In autumn or spring, we can divide the bushes. Layering can also be accomplished. Cutting can be performed all year round. This process allows obtaining uniform planting material and a high coefficient of vegetative propagation. 5-7 cm tall, healthy, linear cuttings were taken from 3-4 year-old plants and were placed at a distance of 1 cm, between rows – 5 cm, on special shelves, in temperate greenhouse. The optimum temperature for rooting is 20-22ºС. The substrate for rooting consists of a mixture of sand and perlite, in equal proportions. The rooting period is in close connection with the characteristics of the species and the conditions for rooting. The roots appear in the 10th-14th days and develop faster in S. chamaecyparissus. Even without growth stimulants, the rooting of cuttings is 100%. The cuttings of S. virens need more time for rooting: it occurs in the 17th-20th days. The rooting percentage is 65% in summer and 85% – in autumn. In open ground, the cuttings are planted in April-May, or in September-October – depending on the rooting period. The autumn cuttings can be pricked out into the pots. In spring, we get well developed plants. The shrubs can be easily shaped by pruning, becoming more dense and beautiful. Being heliophile species that definitely prefer sunny places, Santolina plants require protection from draughts and excess moisture. They can also grow on poor calcareous substrate, but prefer wellstructured, light soils. The studied species are resistant to adverse environmental conditions, diseases and pests. Santolina plants do not like abundant irrigation and water stagnation, so, good drainage is absolutely necessary. Although Santolina species are quite common in our country, they are rarely used in floral decorations. We recommend them for green hedges, rock gardens, flowerbeds, for decorative walls and roofs, perennial meadow gardens. They are also suitable for cultivation in pots as indoor ornamental plants, due to the aromatic and insecticidal properties of the plants.