Some particularities of vegetative regeneration of crop field Passiflora in Moldova’s conditions
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2021-11-18 23:25
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MUSTEATSA , Grigore. Some particularities of vegetative regeneration of crop field Passiflora in Moldova’s conditions. In: Conservation of plant diversity, Ed. 4, 28-30 septembrie 2015, Chișinău. Chișinău: Gradina Botanica (Institut), 2015, Ediția 4, p. 83. ISBN 978-9975-3036-8-2.
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Dublin Core
Conservation of plant diversity
Ediția 4, 2015
Simpozionul "Conservation of plant diversity"
4, Chișinău, Moldova, 28-30 septembrie 2015

Some particularities of vegetative regeneration of crop field Passiflora in Moldova’s conditions


Pag. 83-83

Musteatsa Grigore
 
Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the Moldovan Academy of Sciences
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 15 mai 2019


Cuvinte-cheie
Passiflora incarnata, rhizomes, Regeneration, perennity


Teza

Passiflora (Passiflora incarnata L.) from Central America, in natural habitat, is an herbaceous perennial creeper liana longer than 9 m [1, 2, 3]. Under the conditions of abundance of humidity, passiflora develops rhizomes of 1-2 m and 3-15 mm in diameter [2, 3]. Rhizomes are placed superficially (5-10cm) that makes possible their harvesting as planting material. The method of breeding by rhizomes is practiced in subtropical areas of the Caucaz (Georgia) [2, 3]. Prior researches showed that in different years, due climatic conditions of Moldova, passiflora as alien species introduced into crop field, regenerates from different depths, from 8-10 cm and over 20 cm, the rhizome harvest being reduced. In order to argue some cultivation methods, we aimed to study the mode of placement of rhizomes and their regeneration in spring, on soils with various degree of loosening.  Materials and methods:  on passiflora plantation of black earth soil, initiated by seedling in 2013 and 2014, were used following methods: without soil loosening; with watering 80-100m3/ha after harvesting of raw materials; with deep loosening with disk (10-12 cm) and cultivator KRN-4,2 early spring; spring soil loosening. All variants were harrowed in spring, in March, were fertilized with N445 (ammonia soda) and processed with herbicide Glufosat 6 l/ha. The depths of regeneration were determined by digging up to 40 cm near the plants and their manual removal from soil. Researches showed that the growth conditions, especially in the second half of a year, influence a lot the mass and depth of forming Passiflora plant rhizomes in the soil. On not irrigated soil, in conditions of insufficiency of humidity, rhizomes are developed at 15-25 cm, in winter being under the frozen layer of soil. On irrigated, moist soil, passiflora developed rhizomes at depth of 5-6 cm to 30 cm. Active, external buds with regenerative capacities spread through entire length of rhizomes, including those from the depth of 30 cm, like perennial herbaceous species with basal shoots. During the irrigation, first of all, regenerated plants from the rhizome sprouts placed on 10-15 cm layer (Fig. A). Rhizomes from frozen soil layer during the winter usually perish. Passiflora regenerate evenly on spring loose soil or protected in winter by coating of plant waste. On compact soil, the most buds begin to sprout, but fail to cross the 1-10 cm soil layer or they arise much later after watering or rainfall (Fig. B). On loose and wet soil, Passiflora regenerated even from a depth of more than 20 cm (Fig. C). Figure A Figure B Figure C Passiflora plants 40 days after the beginning of regeneration Fig. A…. non compacted soil: regeneration from the depth of: 1…9 cm – early; 2….from 9 to 12 cm; 3…from 14-16 cm – 10 days later. Fig. B… irrigated soil: 1…compact soil; 2… loosed at 10-12 cm. Fig. C… loosed soil at 10-12 cm: 1…regeneration from 14-15 cm, early; 2….regeneration from 20-25 cm, late. Preliminary conclusions: 1. Rhizomes of Passiflora cultivated in Moldova form reproductive buds along their whole length and thus can generate from different depths, even below the frozen soil layer in winter. This makes possible a stabile perennial of this crop field species in conditions of Central and South zones of the country.  2. The depth of rhizome regeneration is largely determined by the density and degree of compactness of the soil. On the soil with density close to the norm (1,1-1,3 g/cm3) earlier regenerate sprouts from rhizome segments up to 10 cm, followed by those of 10-20 cm layer. 3. On the loosed soil, Passiflora may regenerate from the depth over 20 cm. 4. On the compact soil with density more than 1.4 g/cm3, Passiflora may regenerate well only if the soil is loosed in spring, with cultivator, at the depth of 12-15 cm and is wet enough.