For the purpose of highlighting the adaptive characters that cause the drought resistance of grapevine, which can be used in research works on selection and introduction of species of the genus Vitis L., the biometric values of 10 anatomical characters of the epidermis of leaf blade at 15 species of the genus Vitis L. and at 15 local grapevine cultivars have been determined.   The epidermis of the grapevine leaf (Vitis L.) is a primary protective tissue, composed of a single layer of cells with different shape, structure and functions. This tissue covers the mesophyll and forms on the ventral side of the leaf the adaxial epidermis and on the dorsal side – the abaxial epidermis.   The adaxial epidermis is made up of a single layer of polygonal, compactly arranged cells. The adaxial epidermis of grapevine leaves (Vitis L.) doesn’t contain stomata. The adaxial side of leaves of many species and cultivars of grapevine lacks or has very few trichomes. There are a lot of trichomes on the abaxial side of the leaf blade.  The abaxial epidermis has 2 main components: basic epidermal cells, of polygonal shape, and stomata. Stoma is a pair of stomatal cells (guard cells) with a pore (aperture) between them. A stoma is surrounded by usual epidermal cells (neighbouring cells) or modified cells (subsidiary cells). The species and cultivars of grapevine have stomata only on the abaxial side of the leaf blade. The stoma with the subsidiary cells or the neighbouring cells forms the stomatal apparatus (complex).  The actinocytic type of stomatal apparatus (complex) is characteristic of the abaxial epidermis of the leaf blade of species and cultivars of the genus Vitis L. The main function of the epidermis of the leaf blade is to protect the grapevine plant from the excess water and nutrient loss, mechanical damage and from damage caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and other pathogens.  The stomatal density of the abaxial epidermis, at the studied species, is specific and varied, in 2006, from 168.43 stomata/mm2, at the species Vitis californica Benth., to 244.71 stomata/mm2, at Vitis candicans Engelm. At local grapevine cultivars, the stomatal density is specific and varies from 121.16 stomata/mm2, at the cultivar “Negru de Căuşeni”, to 177.83 stomata/mm2, at the cultivar “Coarna albă”. The stomatal index (SI) of species varies from 4.55, at Vitis solonis, to 9.23, at Vitis aestivalis. The SI of the studied cultivars varies from 4.90, at the cultivar “Negru de Căuşeni”, to 7.47, at the cultivar “Feteasca neagră”. The stomata length at species and cultivars varies from 23.15 µm, at Vitis wilsonae Veitch., to 30.55 µm, at the cultivar Gordin.  The mean stomatal area of species varies from 230.67 µm2, at Vitis candicans Engelm., to 386.49 µm2, at Vitis aestivalis Michx. The mean stomatal area of cultivars is somewhat larger and varies from 314.71 µm2, at the cultivar “Negru de Acherman”, to 406.09 µm2, at the cultivar “Feteasca neagră”. The mean area of stomata and of basic cells of the abaxial epidermis is theoretically calculated by the method proposed by the author.  The study of stomata of grapevine is relevant and necessary for viticulture, because the grapevine genotypes whose stomatal density is lower are better adapted to the concrete conditions of life, and the genotypes whose stomatal density varies significantly, the next year after a droughty year, adapt easier to other conditions of life. The species Vitis monticola, Vitis rupestris, Vitis solonis and the cultivars Copciac, Rară neagră, Feteasca neagră are more adaptable to new conditions of life. The stomatal density of the species Vitis sylvestris Gmel., Vitis californica Benth. and – of the cultivars Coarna neagră, Plavae, Feteasca neagră varied less in 2006-2010, so, they adapted better to concrete conditions of life.  The correlation coefficient between stomatal density and SI is of 0.677. It has been established a positive correlation between SI and the number of cells of the abaxial epidermis on 0.25 mm2 of leaf area (r=0.6908).  The correlation coefficient between the mean area of cells of abaxial and adaxial epidermis of 12 grapevine cultivars is r=0.6884.