“Marshland” exposition for rare and endangered spicies of carnivorous plant collection of O.V. Fomin botanical garden
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DIDUKH, A., MAZUR, T., DIDUKH, M.. “Marshland” exposition for rare and endangered spicies of carnivorous plant collection of O.V. Fomin botanical garden. In: Conservation of plant diversity, Ed. 4, 28-30 septembrie 2015, Chișinău. Chișinău: Gradina Botanica (Institut), 2015, Ediția 4, p. 19. ISBN 978-9975-3036-8-2.
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Conservation of plant diversity
Ediția 4, 2015
Simpozionul "Conservation of plant diversity"
4, Chișinău, Moldova, 28-30 septembrie 2015

“Marshland” exposition for rare and endangered spicies of carnivorous plant collection of O.V. Fomin botanical garden


Pag. 19-19

Didukh A., Mazur T., Didukh M.
 
O. V. Fomin Botanical garden, Kiev Taras Shevchenko University
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 13 mai 2019


Cuvinte-cheie
carnivorous plants, collection, introduction, methodological approach


Teza

Carnivory is a unique adaptation that has appeared under natural conditions of the environment which is very limited in nutrients, where plants are grown and thanks to transformation of leaves, stems, petioles – vegetative, aboveground, for some species, underwater and underground organs, they attract and catch insects, crustaceans, small birds and mice and then digest and metabolize received essential nutrients [8]. Most of carnivorous plants are rare and endangered species [1]. It is systematically combined group, which connected not a general origin but also a peculiarity of the places of growing, where such mineral elements as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sodium are difficult to access. Deficiency of these elements, that substratum of wet forests, marshes, ponds and sandy talus lacks, and the problem that they can’t get these elements because they don’t have roots or even root hairs made plants to compensate this gap by a special way of eating. Most carnivorous plants are distributed in countries with tropical climate in wet places in marshes, in ponds and in forests of tropical Asia, Australia and Madagascar Island. The endemics of Atlantic coast of North America and South East of the USA, marshy areas of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas and Florida are also among them. Some species are growing on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, on the west of the Apalacha River, and there are some species that have little population near Okefenoke lake [5; 8; 9]. The collection of carnivorous plants of O. V. Fomin Botanical garden includes 9 genera: Cephalotus Labill., Darlingtonia Torr., Dionea Ellis, Drosera L., Heliamphora Benth., Nepenthes L., Pinguicula L., Sarracenia L., Utricularia L., 32 species, 6 varieties, 19 hybrids and 6 cultivars, according to the inventory from 2014 [3]. On the basis of creation of this group, collection of rare and endangered carnivorous plants, in protected soil conditions, the five principles of exposition organization have been established by methodological approach.  Carnivorous plants which are distributed in Ukraine belong to 4 genera. Their cultivation in Botanical gardens of the CIS began in the 30s. In Ukraine, for the first time, carnivorous plants were grown in the open air in O. V. Fomin Botanical garden in 1938 [4; 7]. Then, the renovation of the collection was noted in 1984. According to the inventory of that year, the collection counted 30 species that were represented by 5 genera. The collection had 24 species in 1989 [2]. Later on, almost all collection was lost because of non-availability of a curator and appropriate conditions of maintenance. Twenty new artificial compartments (of about 15 sq. m.) were created and “marshland” exposition for the carnivorous plant collection in protected conditions in water and coastal-water plant greenhouse of O. V. Fomin Botanical garden was launched in 2012-2013 [3]. For modelling the collection, it has been set the aim of creating the exposition that displays the most completely natural peculiarities and biodiversity of the carnivorous plants considering their ecological amplitude and environmental compliance. Five basic principles of growing this group of plants in protected conditions have been determined working out methodological approaches: 1 – modeling ecotypes according to moisture of soils; 2 – environmental compliance considering ecological amplitude of the place of growing of carnivorous plants; 3 – environment-protecting, which provides implementation of rare, endangered, endemic and relict species in introduction; 4 – aesthetic, which provides creation, in protected soil, of such expositions which match people’s aesthetic demands; 5 – landscape approach, which demands use of existing facility for creating compositions of carnivorous plants in protected soil. For today, “Marshland” exposition for rare and endangered species of carnivorous plant collection in protected soil conditions consists of 5 families, 9 genera, 32 species, 6 varieties, 19 hybrids and 6 cultivars; it is only one in Ukraine. The methodological approach has allowed maintaining apart from them the representatives of more than 17 another families, from appropriate areas of their growing (North America, Australia, Madagascar and NorthEastern regions of South Africa).