In the current context, it is more and more emphasized the problem of conservation of the biodiversity and of the forest ecosystems. The intensive and irrational exploitation of the forests caused the extinction of many species of plants, including shrubs and trees and simultaneously reduced the genetic potential of the existent species. For this reason, the concentration of the efforts on the conservation of the forest genetic resources is vitally important for the national forest patrimony. The conservation of FGR involves, not at least, the creation of a national catalogue of basic materials, which could effectively supply with forest reproductive material, superior in terms of quality (physiological and hereditary) and quantity, when it comes to afforestation works, with all their forms of application. During the last century, in the Republic of Moldova, numerous studies have been conducted regarding the forest genetic fund. However, in the last ten years, the identification and the conservation of the forest genetic resources was less approached in the literature and in practice. Refocusing the attention on this subject represents a primary task for the modern silviculture in order to conduct a sustainable management of the forest resources. In this regard, currently within the Forest Research and Management Institute, there are several ongoing projects and initiatives for the conservation of forest genetic resources, including participation in the fifth phase of the EUFORGEN program.