In the papers [1-2], the surfaces of titanium alloys were processed by the arc method using the graphite anode in the aqueous electrolyte in order to improve their antifriction properties. In case of this processing, the heterogeneous microstructure consisting of finely dispersed inclusions of titanium carbide randomly located at the titanium matrix forms in the surface layer of titanium alloys. Such a distribution of solid inclusions in the plastic matrix acts to raise the antifriction properties of the alloy as well as its oxidation stability [2].   In this paper, it has been established that, with increase of time of effect of the arc discharge with graphite anode on the surface of cathodically polarized titanium alloy VT1-0, total content of carbon and titanium carbide increases in the local volume of alloy. With increase in time of effect, a division of local volume into central and periphery zones differing markedly in composition, morphology and sizes of grains of TiC is also observed. The tribological tests were carried out using the apparatus Tribometer TRB (“CSM industries”, Switzerland) according tp “globe-disc” scheme, with rotation of the counterbody on a radius in plane of specimen. The counterbody is a ball made of steel Ac100Cr6 with diameter of 6 mm. Test parameters are sliding speed – 100 mm/s; total sliding distance – 100 m; vertical load – 10 N. Friction is dry, in the air.   In case of friction of original specimens (Fig. 1(1)), a curve of friction coefficient is of the “classical” form characteristic of titanium friction. It is explained by adhering of titanium to the counterbody and further friction takes place essentially in tandem of titanium-titanium. A linear growth of friction coefficient on processed specimens (Fig. 1 (2)) is related to a process of wear of the steel ball which possesses a lesser wear-resistance than carbide layer.