The microorganisms belonging to Archaea (formerly Archaebacteria) are distributed in all environments of our planet, either terrestrial or marine. Some of them are uncultivable (Schleper, 2007). Although lots of investigations were performed for understanding the life mechanism of methanogens or hyperthermophilic archaea, a special interest in the study of microorganisms able to grow in salted environments was also observed. Known as halophilic microorganisms, they harbor special features which support growth in media with high sodium chloride content. Among these, two are distributed to all investigated strains so far, namely salt in strategy and compatible solute strategy. Saline and hypersaline environments are largely distributed over the world. In Romania they are spread either in the intra or extra-Carpathian area as underground rock salt or salt lakes (Enache et al., 2012). The isolated strains from these areas (i.e. Haloferax prahovense from Telega salt lake; Halobacterium noricense from rock salt in Slănic, Haloarcula sp. from Techirghiol salt lake) are able to synthesize various enzymes (amylase, lipase, carboxymethyl cellulase and protease), halocins (proteins with antibiotic activity – equivalent of bacteriocins from Bacteria), or particular membrane lipids with ether structures and esters like in Bacteria. In this work we will show the distribution of some halophilic archaeal strains in several salted areas from the southern part of Romania and their ability to produce some biomolecules with potential in various fields of industry, agriculture and modern technology (Enache et al., 2014, 2015).