Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is found in parts of the tropics and subtropics countrics. It is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease. Leishmaniasis is caused by the infection with Leishmania parasites, which are spread by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. There are several different forms of leishmaniasis in people. The most common forms are cutaneous leishmaniasis, which causes skin sores, and visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs (usually spleen, liver, and bone marrow). Material and methods: A girl of one year old from Georgia who came in visit in the Republic of Moldova at her relatives. After acute debut with fever, dyspepsia, asthenia, patient subjected conventional treatment for such situations. Because of the lack of the well outcome she underwent sternal punction. At morphological assessment, have been found intracellular inclusions specific for Lesishmaniasis. Biological material has been directed towards National Centre of Public Health where was identified Leishmania spp. Conclusions: This was the first case of leishmaniasis in Moldova. The disease has been imported from an endemic zone for Leishmaniasis. This case shows that is necessary to be vigilant in diagnosing of exotic diseases.